Only 28% met civics standard: 3 things could improve education in Australian schools falling short of scratch
A patchy approach to civics
Civics and citizenship are already included in the Australian curriculum for years 3 to 10. For years 7 to 10, the subject sits within compulsory humanities and social sciences, but it has not been taught consistently.
States and territories have generally folded civics into other subjects, including history, rather than teaching it separately. Because local curriculum agencies interpret the national framework, what students receive can vary across the country.
What students need to learn
The 2024 results show that 28% of Year 10 students reached the national proficiency standard. The findings also indicate that more than 70% do not understand how Australia’s democracy and government operate.
Research identifies several areas for stronger learning: government structures and preferential voting, the work of parliament and courts, citizens’ responsibilities, and the Constitution. Students also need to consider misinformation, disinformation and political deepfakes, alongside diversity, antisemitism and shared Australian values.
Three steps for stronger teaching
Governments and curriculum agencies could set out what Year 9 and 10 students should study, and when. Schools and teachers would also need more teaching materials and opportunities for professional development.
University teacher education is another part of the plan, helping prepare future civics teachers with relevant knowledge and skills. Research also finds that student learning and participation are best supported through activities such as class discussions, student elections and mock parliaments.
Why participation matters
Germany offers one possible example, as civics has long been a compulsory school subject there. Meanwhile, Australian Electoral Commission data show voter turnout at the past two federal elections was the lowest since compulsory voting began a century ago.
Well-taught civics can equip young people to take part in democratic life. The issue has added urgency as global democracy declines.
Key points
- Jason Clare has proposed compulsory civics and citizenship for Year 9 and 10 students.
- Only 28% of Year 10 students met the national civics standard in 2024.
- Research recommends clear curriculum guidance, more resources and stronger university teacher preparation.
- Class discussions, student elections and mock parliaments can support civic learning and participation.