Gen Z is warming to socialism. But they’re still not sure what it means.

Recent polls show socialism has growing appeal, particularly among younger Americans. A June Cato Institute survey found 53 percent of Gen Z respondents favored socialism over capitalism; an August Gallup poll reported positive views among 57 percent of adults ages 18 to 34, compared with 34 percent of people older than 55.

The trend has encouraged socialist organizers and alarmed Republicans, who have used accusations of communism against Democrats in midterm campaigning. But focus groups conducted by a researcher studying Gen Z suggest young people do not agree on what socialism means.

Instead, participants often connect the label with policies such as more affordable housing, health care and education, along with a higher minimum wage and increased taxes on corporations and wealthy people. Some described the idea in terms of a social safety net, rather than worker control of production.

The article argues that both supporters and opponents may be overestimating young people’s commitment to a defined political doctrine. Their interest appears to reflect a desire for help with everyday economic pressures and for their concerns to be taken seriously.

One 21-year-old participant linked changing views to worsening economic conditions, mentioning gas prices and the country’s involvement in conflicts abroad. The article offers no specific next step, but suggests the political meaning of socialism will depend on whether candidates address those concerns.