Why a fresh wave of North Korean soldiers may fight in Russia's war in Ukraine

Why a fresh wave of North Korean soldiers may fight in Russia's war in Ukraine

An enemy that swarmed the battlefield in large groups while under fire, seemingly oblivious to the dangers of drones and fire from automatic weapons. An elite corps of ghost soldiers who chose suicide over surrender. They fought and died in their thousands, then apparently vanished from the battlefield.

Ultimately, they would adapt their tactics, and with Russia would drive Ukrainian forces from its Kursk region. In combat terms, little has been heard of them since, but according to Ukraine's president, Volodymyr Zelensky, North Korean forces, and their weaponry, are soon to make a dramatic return to Russia's war in Ukraine.

But why, after such heavy losses, would North Korea send more men to fight for Russia, and what happened to its soldiers sent in the first place?

Zelensky has warned that as many as 50,000 North Korean troops could be deployed in Russia

The Main Intelligence Directorate of Ukraine's Ministry of Defense, HUR, estimates that 8,500 North Korean servicemen are still on Russian territory. They are organised into four brigades, which operate as part of the "North" Group of Forces and are assigned to protecting the state border of the Russian Federation in the Kursk Region from Ukrainian incursions.

For North Korea's leader, Kim Jong Un, the Kursk deployment was a gamble, its largest combat force ever sent overseas. (In 1973, North Korea sent 1,500 military personnel and instructors to Egypt during the Yom Kippur war with Israel, and in the late 1960s, an estimated 87 North Korean pilots fought for the North Vietnamese against US forces).

At first, neither Russia, nor North Korea, even acknowledged their presence. Ukrainian forces first clashed with them in November 2024, and the first live North Korean prisoners of war wouldn't be captured until January of the following year.

For Kim Jong Un, sending North Korean troops to Kursk was a gamble. It was the largest combat force North Korea had ever sent overseas

Yang continued, "North Korean soldiers are very brave I mean, especially those of Storm Corps. They are willing to die for their country. But the problem is that passion doesn't mean efficient combat skills... [They suffered] a lot of bloodshed in the early stage of the Kursk campaign, but they learned the lessons of modern drone warfare."

"They would begin with one large assault group, then another 15–20 men would be sent into the same position, and then more after that. The North Koreans operated differently. They kept moving all the time. That gave them a certain advantage, but not a decisive one," he recalled recently in Kyiv.

After combat, Sultan and his men would search enemy corpses for documents and intelligence information. On the Russian dead they would find personal belongings, identification and equipment. "But when we searched the North Koreans specifically, the only thing we found on them was simply ammo. We checked absolutely all the small pockets - there were no documents, nothing at all," he explained.