There’s fresh guidance on prostate cancer screening in the US: what men should know

Why the recommendations changed

The American Cancer Society said its updated guidance reflects evidence that prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, screening is associated with fewer prostate cancer deaths and fewer diagnoses of advanced-stage disease. The organization cited a 2025 European study of men aged 55 to 69. It found prostate cancer deaths were 13 percent lower among men who received PSA testing. An American Cancer Society representative, Smith, said approaches to identifying dangerous tumors have improved, while helping limit unnecessary testing for slow-growing cancers.

What PSA tests can show

A PSA test measures a protein made by both healthy and harmful cells in the prostate. A high result does not necessarily mean a person has cancer, but it can indicate prostate stress and the possible presence of cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute.

The blood test is only the first stage of screening, the American Cancer Society said. Urine tests or imaging may follow to help determine whether a biopsy is needed; a biopsy collects prostate tissue for diagnosis.

Risks and follow-up care

About one in eight men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime, and around 60 percent of cases occur in men over 65. Age, race and genetic history can affect risk.

Many prostate cancers grow slowly. Lower-risk cases may be monitored closely instead of treated right away, the American Cancer Society said.

Costs and other risk factors

Most private and public insurers cover PSA screening, but out-of-pocket costs can range from $100 to $300, according to insurance company Aflac. Johns Hopkins Medicine says limiting dietary fat and eating more fruits and vegetables may help reduce risk. It also notes that adding green tea and soy may be beneficial.